| Navigation | Description |
|---|---|
| pwd | Print working directory |
| ls | List directory contents |
| cd | Change directory |
| tree | Visual directory structure |
| File Operations | Description |
|---|---|
| touch | Create empty file |
| cp | Copy files |
| mv | Move or rename files |
| rm | Remove files |
| Permissions | Description |
|---|---|
| chmod | Change file permissions |
| chown | Change file ownership |
| umask | Set default permissions |
| ls -l | List with permissions |
| System Info | Description |
|---|---|
| uname -a | System details |
| top | Live process monitor |
| df -h | Disk usage |
| free -m | Memory usage |
| Package Management | Description |
|---|---|
| apt update | Update package list (Debian) |
| apt upgrade | Upgrade packages |
| yum install | Install package (RHEL) |
| dnf remove | Remove package (Fedora) |